Nanoparticle,Evaporation and Sputtering Sources

Physical techniques such as sputtering and evaporation (organic or inorganic) are commonly used in Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD). PVD is a high-purity vacuum deposition technique extensively used in the manufacturing industry to enhance the surface properties of materials. These physical techniques generate a vapor of material, which is carried to the substrate at low gas pressure. Upon contact with the substrate, the vapor condenses to form a thin film. In the case of nanoparticles, metal vapor generated by sputtering condenses into nanoparticles in the gas phase before reaching the substrate. Nikalyte PVD systems can be used to create thin films, nanoparticles, multilayer stacks, composites, and more, enabling the growth of unique functional materials.